When treating ophthalmic pathologies, the operation in the eyes is considered the most effective way.Thanks to the modernized medical technologies, eye interventions are carried out very quickly.They practically cause no damage to the eyeball, but sometimes unforeseen complications can occur.Since each operation has its own contraindications, the type of operation is selected individually depending on the type of disease.In order to reduce the risks of unsuccessful results after the therapy, doctors recommend that you carry out all the necessary tests.
Indications
The procedure is prescribed after a thorough visual inspection and all necessary diagnostic procedures.Every operation is a risk.Before you advise the company, the doctor will try conservative treatment methods using drug therapy.The operation is only prescribed if medication does not provide the desired results.Indications for the operation:
- Dystrophy of the eye;
- Belm formation on the cornea;
- Keratoconus;
- traumatic damage to the visual organ;
- Keratoglobus;
- Serious pathological changes in the organ.
Types and behavior
Before the company, the doctor must subject the list of tests to the consultation.Methods for correcting seeing are selected individually by each patient.They can be recommended to the patient with cataracts, myopia, strabismus, halazion, glaucoma and other dangerous deviations.During the manipulations, ophthalmologists use modern medical devices, the intervention is carried out with a microscope, the eyesight is adjusted by very small cuts.Since the operation is simple and low -traumatic, it is not required with a long -term hospital stay.After 2-3 hours, the doctor explains to the patient in detail all the nuances of the recovery phase, how to take care of the eye and let go home.The hospital is only recommended with serious pathologies (retinal detachment, severe inflammation, penetrating wounds).There are such types of operation:
- Laser surgery;
- Vitrectomy;
- Trabekulectomy;
- LTP, lie;
- Fokoemulsification;
- Scleroplastics;
- Keratoplastics;
- Enuclation of the eye;
- Refraction replacement of the lens;
- Networking;
- Anti -hakomatous operations.
Laser vision correction
Perform the operation for damage and slide the retina.Before the agreement, the patient must subject a thorough examination.Drops that expand the pupil drops before intervention.With the help of a laser, the eyes are produced by the microsurgery (waddom guard areas of tissue are soldered), this prevents the penetration of liquid and then replacement.The laser coagulation of the retina is simple, takes a few minutes, even children tolerate it well.
The operation takes place under local anesthesia.In the recovery phase, the patient is recommended to give up active sports, bad habits and physical overload.The negative consequences of the laser seek correction can manifest themselves within 3 hours - this is an increased secretion of tears, photophobia, redness, complaints and rubbing in mind.Doctors do not recommend this procedure under the age of 18.The percentage of vision after laser correction is very large.
Keratoplasty
In the case of irreversible pathological changes in the eye, the eyepieces recommend this process.The operation for restoring the vision and the eyes after the injury consists in the complete removal of pathologically modified substances of the cornea, which are then replaced by donors.There can be many reasons for surgical intervention - it is keratoconus, serious damage to the eyeball tissue, the ulcerative changes and genetic predispositions caused by fungal infections.Local anesthesia is used in the operation.With the instruments, the doctor has to remove the painful cornea and replace it with a healthy, according to which the seams are applied.The time takes about 2 hours.The recovery phase is 1 year.It is recommended to protect with glasses.This prevents the organ violating, complications after the operation.
Vitrectomy
Make vision with pathological vessels on the retina and if you are removed.Thanks to the professionally carried out manipulations, the doctor receives access to the rear side of the eye.After removal, the vitreous body is replaced by donor material.A saline solution, silicone oil, polymers and perfactor -top compounds are used as a special liquid.In ophthalmology, vitrectomy is viewed as microvasic methodology.The interference in the system of the visual organ is minimal, which contributes to the patient's return to the patient.With the help of this method, it is possible to restore the structure of the retina to prevent the development of pathologies, the names of which are traction and retinopathy.
Since the air is filled with many dust particles to prevent an infection after organ correction, the eye operated must glue close to a bandage for some time.
Anti -hakomatous operations
Eye operation should be used if treatment with medication is not authorized and only after a complete examination.This type of intervention does not cause pain, it is made quickly, usually for the treatment of closed and open angle glaucoma and when the vessels germinate in the eyes.The essence of the procedure is to eliminate the accumulated liquid in the organ, it is carried out by a laser.The most effective methodology is considered a non -appeased deep sclerectomy.In the therapy process, the corneal layer interprets operatively, which increases the increased in the intraocular pressure.Possible consequences of operations of this kind can be expressed in the formation of scars, first the eyes can be red.
Networking
A fairly new method for the treatment of keratoconus can prevent the development of the disease in the early stages.Use of a tool, the name of which is a boring lamp and vitamin B drips into the eye socket2It is possible to strengthen the cornea and stabilize the patient's condition.The plus of the procedure is that manipulation is carried out only once, 1 hour is enough to carry it out.Afterwards to reduce the risk of injury, a special protective lens is placed on the eyeball.
Enuclation of the eye
This is a complex surgical operation that is only prescribed in extreme cases if an organ cannot be saved in any other way.The eyes are completely removed from the eye socket and the fiber optic prosthesis is implanted in its place, it will look like real.Side effects can develop when performing, these are unforeseen inflammatory processes and the implant shift.The certificate contains such pathologies as:
- Glaucom to a terminal degree;
- the appearance of pain and the development of inflammation in the blind organ;
- Serious injuries and neoplasms.
Refractal exchange of the lens
During the operation, the damaged element of the visual system occurs with an artificial system.When choosing an intraocular lens, the patient's individual characteristics are taken into account (age, gender).The procedure takes 25 minutes, local anesthesia is used, surgical manipulations take place without blood.The lens is transformed into an emulsion with ultrasound by microdnaras and removed from the eye.The refraction replacement takes place with pathologies such as:
- Myopia and hyperopia run;
- Presbyopia;
- Prohibition of las correction;
- High -degree hyperopia that can cause glaucoma;
- Violation of breaking and faster loss of visual function.
Eximerlaz Vision Correction
Surgical intervention is recommended for eye pathologies such as strabismus, astigmatism and farsightedness.There are various ways to do this.This is a Femo Lasik, Federal Republic of Criminal Code, Lasik.The doctor cuts off the upper layer of the cornea, his curvature is changed with a cold beam of an excessive laser.It is better to use local anesthesia and mediocre.After an Eximerlaz correction, the patient eliminates the problem because the procedure before other interventions is effective by 99%.An unsuccessful surgery leads to hyper correction, causes redness and the cornea layer looks inflamed.
Correction of strabismus
Eye surgery for strabism is aimed at correcting the symmetrical position of the organ.The surgical intervention is divided into two ways: this is an increase in muscles that are responsible for the movement of the visual organ and the facilitating of the oculomotor muscle.In the first case, part of the muscle system as well as anti -position and tenorafia are resected, in the second change in muscle fortification and extend them with plasticity.Based on the individual factors and the severity of the pathology, the surgeon decides to turn which method.
Scleroplasty
Doctors recommend this type of intervention with an uncontrolled development of myopia.Using the methodology strengthen and stabilize the patient's condition and stop the loss of vision.Scleroplastics are shown to children and adolescents aged 17 during the active growth period, with such pathologies of the eye like quickly developing myopia.
After removing the eye in the early days, the patient can feel severe pain.In this case you have to consult your doctor and select the right analgesics.
Distance of formations
The surgical intervention of this type is indicated for halacium, cystic neoplasms of conjunctiva and ptergium.The doctor lasts growth with tweezers and continues to cut it out to eliminate negative consequences.The wound is chewed.To prevent infection, an antibiotic ointment is applied via the eyelids and a sterile bandage is used.The disadvantage is that the disease can develop again in this case cannot return to this therapy method.
Distance from cataracts
A pathological changed lens is removed during microsurgery.The therapy is carried out using laser and ultrasound phakoemulsifications.Special surgical tools through micronades are diluted and removed from the eye and replaced by artificially.Sometimes they carry out a process that is called intracapsular and extracapsular extraction.